Use Of Pathos In Letter From Birmingham Jail - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 530 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/05/23 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay Did you like this example? In Martin Luther King Jr.rs, Letter from Birmingham Jail, there is an abundant use of pathos through figurative language such as imagery and metaphors. Dr. King uses these rhetorical devices in order to counter the argument that his actions are untimely by appealing to the emotions of the clergymen. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Use Of Pathos In Letter From Birmingham Jail" essay for you Create order To begin the third conclusion, Dr. King references the counter-argument in the first conclusion where he quotes the clergymen in calling his actions untimely. He does so by stating I have never yet engaged in a direct action movement that was well timed, according to the timetable of those who have not suffered unduly from the disease of segregation. In this statement, Dr. King reveals that he will rebut this argument throughout the conclusion. In addition, by using the phrase suffered unduly and disease of segregation Dr. King also begins his use of pathos and figurative language. These devices are used in many different ways throughout this conclusion. One way in which he uses pathos is through religious language and referencing morality. This is an effective approach in using pathos because he is addressing clergymen, and their emotional ties to religion influence their opinions when reading his argument. For example, in his rebuttal Dr. King states that African Americans are waiting for their God-given rights. This line appeals to the emotions of the clergymen because as religious leaders they believe that everyone should always have their God-given rights. Another way Dr. King uses both figurative language and pathos in his argument is through imagery and metaphors. King starts a long use of imagery and metaphors by saying Perhaps it is easy for those who have never felt the stinging darts of segregation to say wait, which includes a metaphor that conveys the pain African Americans felt to the reader. He then continues with imagery depicting many different scenarios African Americans had to face because of segregation such as when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill your black brothers and sisters with impunity. and when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of ?nobodiness. Dr. Kingsrs use of imagery as an appeal to pathos is greatly effective because it allowed him to offer insight on the tragic treatment of African Americans. Additionally, these rhetorical devices provide perspective on feelings and experiences that the clergymen have never experienced but can imagine as a result of his w ords. Furthermore, when using imagery Dr. King gives scenarios of family members experiencing brutality in which the clergymen might identify with their own family. Dr. King then transitions into the conclusion of this argument with metaphors summarizing that waiting is no longer optional as the effects of injustice are unacceptable. Finally, Dr. King ends with I hope, sirs, you can understand our legitimate and unavoidable impatience. This conclusion again addresses the untimely argument found in the first conclusion. As a result of Dr. Kings ability to effectively use these rhetorical devices, he was able to convey why he feels that his timing was appropriate by appealing to the emotions of the readers. Along with this, he makes clear that African Americans can no longer wait to protest these human rights violations.

Marketing Strategies - 1137 Words

Successful companies study their competitors as closely as they do their customers. Analyzing and evaluating competition helps management decide where to compete and how to position against the competition in each market margin. The changing patterns of global competition require continuous analysis of competing forces. Business and marketing strategies need to take advantage of opportunities and to avoid threats. Market leaders and competitors cannot fulfill their executive role unless customer’s needs and desires are understood and satisfied. Strategic marketing is creating a plan to better reach and satisfy customer while increasing profitability and productivity. Competition strategy is an important strategic planning process to†¦show more content†¦Econet’s main product is buddie which is a prepaid package which was build with a strategic intent from the beginning. Buddie has about twelve exciting value added services. Whilst Netone’s product Easycall has only six value added services. Pricing of mobile service is based on cost plus and one minute charges is 24c on billing second as approved the POTRAZ. However the cost mobile service is high in Zimbabwe as compared to regional prices. Porter’s generic strategy analysis differentiate strategy attempts to achieve a competitive advantage by creating services that are perceived as unique. Econet has a big market share of 70% due to its better services and good network coverage. The major differentiator to Netone is Econet’s ability to provide a number of the value added services such as ecocash, econetmail, among others. Econet has a brand image in the mind of public due to their willingness to provide best services. Netone is failing to invent new product features to compete with econet. Low cost leadership strategy, Econet is providing low cost services in value added services under buddie for example txt service allows buddies to chat on the internet, even if the subscribers also not have an internet connection or smart phone which Netone easy call supplementary value added services are all accessible on smart phones. Econet is also selling its buddie linesShow MoreRelatedCorporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies1838 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies Wanda Joyce McGhee Dr. Malinda Swigart Business 508 July 13, 2014 Corporate Responsibility and Marketing Strategies There is no question that Apple is a remarkable company. In addition to its business turnaround, its innovative design, and its media content and apps, the unadulterated  sexiness of all its products makes Apple hard to resist. 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Law Dissertation Guide on Provocation as a Defence to Murder. Free Essays

The following article is a dissertation guide produced for a our site client. The Working Title is: â€Å"The problems with provocation as a defence to murder: Has the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 provided the solution for those who suffer from domestic violence and battered women’s syndrome? Part 1 My understanding of the topic The problems with provocation have been well documented in recent years owing to the law commission’s two reports and consultation[1] which have ultimately led to the 2009 Act referred to above. Provocation is a partial defence to murder which reduces such a charge to voluntary manslaughter[2]. We will write a custom essay sample on Law Dissertation Guide on Provocation as a Defence to Murder. or any similar topic only for you Order Now The old Homicide Act of 1957 utilised a two-part test: firstly was the defendant provoked into having a sudden and temporary loss of self-controlSecondly, would a reasonable person have been provoked to react in this wayThe first part was subjective and the second part was objective but there were myriad problems with the old Homicide Act which we must analyse and assess the 2009 Act: the â€Å"cooling-off† period introduced in 1949[3] which attempted to mitigate against calculated revenge discriminates against women who are not so prone to violent outbursts[4], the defence had no moral foundation where someone who was motivated out of compassion would not have the benefit of the defence whereas someone who had lost their temper suddenly was[5], the culture of blaming the victim for their own murder was insensitive[6], the definition of what was capable of provoking a defendant to kill was open-ended and was even stretched to a 17-day old baby crying[7] and finally the very d ivisive schism between the House of Lords[8] and the Privy Council[9] led to confusion on the objective standard: is it proper for the jury to weigh the provocation against a reasonable person who shares the characteristics of the accused? The Law Commission recognised three specific problems:â€Å"In the first report, the three main problems with the existing law were identified as being that: provocation had become too loose so that a judge may be obliged to leave the issue to the jury where the conduct or words relied upon are trivial; the concept of loss of self-control had proved to be troublesome, giving rise to serious problems, to complaints of gender bias, and of the law having to be stretched in the â€Å"slow burn† type cases; and the objective, reasonable person test under the 1957 Act had become too subjectivised in the interpretation given to it in Morgan Smith, enabling a D to rely on â€Å"personal idiosyncrasies which make him or her more short tempered than other people†.†[10] There was clearly a need for reform: of that there is no doubt. But is the Coroners Act 2009 and the new defence of â€Å"loss of self control† under s.56 the solutionNorrie points out that the three problems identified by the Law Commission have been addressed in the new law with the problem now the exclusive preserve of the judge[11], removal of the requirement of a â€Å"sudden† loss of control albeit qualified by a caveat to prevent revenge killing and upholding the Privy Council decision in Holley by in drawing a distinction between â€Å"control characteristics†[12] and â€Å"response characteristics†[13]. But these welcome changes mask some persistent problems such as only age and sex being retained as general characteristics: Norrie rightfully asks what of the immature adult? The New Act just whitewashes this part however and considered that any such questions would undermine the objective test[14]. There is also the question of sexual infidelity which has been expressly disregarded[15]. The test of the reasonable person is now very restrictive, as it follows the Privy Council’s decision in denying factors such as alcoholism, which are extraneous to the object of the provocation, and will deny many the benefit of the defence where they might rightfully expect its protection:â€Å"Anything else that affects the defendant’s general propensity to be provoked, apart from age and sex, is ignored. Thus if a person suffers from alcoholism, this is irrelevant to the loss of self-control unless a taunt was levelled at the fact that the defendant was an alcoholic. If there is not that link, then the defendant must look to the defence of diminished responsibility, even though the characteristic in fact caused them to lose their self-control and to be provoked. This is a significantly narrower test, but an irrational one because it does not address the nub of the problem under the old law.†[16] Norrie argues that the real stumbling block of the new legislation is the lack of moral progress in that there is no moral assessment of the provocatory conduct. Miles agrees and also points out that many who previously enjoyed the test will not now be able to be protected by it and specifically questions whether women with â€Å"battered wives† syndrome will be able to avail themselves of it despite concessions made towards fear as a motivation[17]. Now the Act has came into force and has been operational for 9 months[18]. As yet there are no cases which have made use of it but there have been a few cases which have commented upon it most notably R v Evans[19]which I propose to look at as extensive commentary is made upon the application of the new act which quite simply would have produced a different result.From my preliminary research my hypothesis will be that the new Act is a welcome step in the right direction but that much more work is needed if the proposals of the la w commission are to be fully implemented and brought into line with international standards. To this end I propose examining the legal systems of Canada, Germany and America (which are composed of different legal systems with different traditions) to analyse our new law and see where it stands in comparison. I would also seek to address problems such as erotomania, honour killings and other problems such as provocation for a racist. From all the above research I would propose this structure as a first draft: Part 2 The proposed structure of the dissertation Introduction3 Chapter 1: Background, overview and hypothesis8 The defence of provocation and the Homicide Act 19578 The rupture between the Privy Council and the House of Lords 12 The Law Commission’s involvement in 2004,2006 and 200814 The Coroner’s and Justice Act 2009 15 Theories of provocation: justificatory and excusatory 16 Hypothesis 16 Chapter 2: The abolition of provocation16 Loss of self-control: The offence under the 2009 Act16 Case law involving the new test: R v Evans 18 Case law which has shaped the defence and the legislation 21 Chapter 3: Problems inherent in the new offence 27 The problems with objectivity 27 The omission of sympathetic psychological conditions 28 Discriminating against womenBattered Wives syndrome29 A narrower defence30 Chapter 4: The approach in other jurisdictions30 Germany30 Canada32 America 33 Chapter 5: The future of the defence 35 A case for further reform32 The case to keep the 2009 Act’s reforms34 Chapter 6: Recommendations 38 Reforming the reasonable man38 Psychological conditions: the balance to be struck 39 C. Should the defence be opened up again 39 D. Age and maturity40 E. Sexual infidelity re-established40 Conclusion 41 Bibliography 42 Part 3 Other comments As I have mentioned above the subject is very challenging and interesting and merits a dissertation. The fact that there are no cases so far should allow me to propose some hypothetical examples of cases based on a century of old case law. In terms of research I could look at cases over a ten year period (say leading up to the enactment of the 2009 Act) to look at the success or otherwise of the provocation defence: ie was it truly too expansiveWere women, the victims of domestic violence, really too easily using the defenceFurthermore the latest statistics on domestic violence (2010) have tended to show that men are increasingly becoming the victims of domestic abuse: what are the implications of this? [1] Law Commission, Partial Defences to Murder (2004), Law Com. No.290; Law Commission, Murder, Manslaughter and Infanticide (2006), Law Com. No.304; Ministry of Justice, Murder, Manslaughter and Infanticide: Proposals for Reform of the Law (2008), Consultation Paper CP No.19/08. [2] Elliott, Catherine Quinn, Frances (2006) Criminal Law Pearson Education: GB p.73 [3] R v Duffy (1949) [4] As men are according to American research by Walker (1999) [5] Elliott, Catherine Quinn, Frances (2006) Criminal Law Pearson Education: GB p.85 [6] Herring, Jonathan (2005 4th ed) Criminal Law Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke p.221 [7] R v Doughty [1986] [8] R v Smith (Morgan) (2000) [9] Attorney General for Jersey v Holley (2005) [10] Norrie, Alan (2010) ‘The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 – partial defences to murder (1) Loss of control’ Criminal Law Review 4, pp275-289 [11] s.54(6) Coroners and Justice Act 2009 [12] Those characteristics which merely have an effect on the defendants’ ability to control themselves and should not be taken into account for the objective test. [13] These characteristics, such as a boy who is sensitive about his appearance is then taunted about that appearance, are relevant to the test. If, for example, a boy with big ears is teased about his football playing ability then the aspect of the big ears is not relevant as a boy with ordinary ears would be just as provoked to being teased about footballing ability. [14] Norrie, Alan (2010) ‘The Coroners and Justice Act 2009 – partial defences to murder (1) Loss of control’ Criminal Law Review 4, p 283 [15] S.55(6)(c) of the 2009 Act [16] ibid p. 283 [17] Miles, Jo (2009) ‘The Coroners and Justice Act 2009: A â€Å"Dog’s Breakfast† of Homicide Reform† Archbold News 10 pp6-9 [18] It came into force on October 4th 2010 [19] R. v Evans (John Derek) [2009] EWCA Crim 2243; [2010] Crim. L.R. 491 (CA (Crim Div)) How to cite Law Dissertation Guide on Provocation as a Defence to Murder., Essays